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Politics
Politics describes the internal organisation of a society in order to enable the peaceful coexistence of people within that society, and externally, to ensure peaceful coexistence with other societies. This is characterised by
- organisation via government and authorities (polity),
- processes and procedures for political decisions and their implementation, such as legislative procedures (politics), and
- various content and topics, such as economic policy, foreign policy and social policy (policy).
Organisation
Various actors are involved in politics. On the one hand, there are the decision-makers, i.e. the politicians. Politicians can be members of parliament, presidents, ministers, kings, princes or even mayors in towns and municipalities. Decisions are implemented by the authorities, for example the tax offices, public order offices, police or courts. This organisation of those involved in politics is referred to as polity. These processes are referred to as politics.
Processes
Nowadays, there are usually specific procedures for political decisions, referred to as politics. These can include, for example, legislative procedures, mandatory hearings of affected parties, informing the population or affected parties through the media or other means, or obligations to consult with parliaments.
Content
Politicians decide on all kinds of issues and conflicts that disrupt social harmony. This is referred to as content or policy. These issues can arise in foreign policy, economic policy, education policy, transport policy, social policy, tax policy and many other areas. Politicians must decide whether the problem is a general one or an individual case that can be resolved by an individual decision, for example by an authority. If the problem is a general one, it must be examined whether it needs to be resolved by central regulation or whether the members of society can resolve it on their own.
Independent regulation within society can take the form of contracts, agreements or even unwritten laws. For example, on public transport, passengers must alight before others board the bus or train. In the mountains, heavier vehicles such as lorries and buses have priority in snowy and icy conditions. Otherwise, the person driving uphill has priority. These rules are not written laws and may even violate applicable laws. However, politicians do not need to enact a law for this. If the problem is a general one and needs to be solved by regulation, then a regulation must be planned, debated and then enacted.
